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#refraction

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Four views of the evening sky, featuring the crescent moon, Venus, and a special guest.

1st photo. Portrait orientation of the two-day old crescent moon and brilliant Venus.

I deliberately pointed the camera lower than normal so that I could capture more of the twilight sky gradient and the rich orange hues at the bottom of the frame.

2nd photo. As twilight got darker, η Virginis became visible to the camera. It's not standing out strongly from the twilight, but it's about 4 - 5 moon diameters above the moon, and a bit to the right.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eta_Virg

3rd photo. A closeup view of the crescent moon with IR (780nm long pass).

4th photo. As the crescent moon was about to set, its shape was distorted by different layers in the atmosphere. (Abd the overall crescent is squashed because of differential atmospheric refraction.)

Taken in the Sacramento mountains of southern New Mexico at 9,000ft.

Just before moonset - an infrared view of the one-day old crescent moon next to the Pleiades in the evening sky.

The moon's elevation was only about 1/2 degree above a sea level horizon. (The distant mountain range is 45 miles away, and a few thousand feet lower than the observing location. This means the mountains are at a negative elevation.)

The moon does not appear to be a circle, Instead, it's squashed flat because of atmospheric refraction.

Haze and dust layers are prominent.

Planetarium software says that I was shooting through about 30 airmasses for this image.

Taken from the mountains of southern New Mexico at an elevation of 9,000 feet.

I slightly boosted the visibility of the Pleiades stars in post processing.